The brain is a vital organ, susceptible to alterations under genetic influences and
environmental experiences. Social isolation (SI) acts as a stressor which results in …

Major depressive disorder is a debilitating disorder affecting millions of people each year.
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and inflammation are two prominent biologic risk …

Cytokines are key regulatory mediators involved in the host response to immunological
challenges, but also play a critical role in the communication between the immune and the …

A markedly reduced interest or pleasure in activities previously considered pleasurable is a
main symptom in mood disorder and psychosis and is often present in other psychiatric …

The hippocampus is not a homogeneous brain area, and the complex organization of this
structure underlies its relevance and functional pleiotropism. The new data related to the …

Panax notoginseng (Burk) FH Chen, as traditional Chinese medicine, has a long history of
high clinical value, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, inhibition of platelet …

Depression is the most common and devastating psychiatric disorder in the world. Its
symptoms, especially during the pandemic, are observed in all age groups. Exercise training …

Avoidance behavior in clinical anxiety disorders is often a decision made in response to
approach-avoidance conflict, resulting in a sacrifice of potential rewards to avoid potential …

Chronic stress is the major pathogenetic factor of human anxiety and depression. Zebrafish
(Danio rerio) have become a novel popular model species for neuroscience research and …

Exposure to acute and chronic stress has a broad range of structural effects on the brain.
The brain areas commonly targeted in the stress response models include the …