In order to feed a growing global population projected to increase to 9 billion by 2050, food
production will need to increase from its current level. The bulk of this growth will need to …

Electromagnetic method to measure water flow has been known for nearly 180 years. This
paper presents how the method has undergone development and describes in detail the …

Irrigation canals waste some of the water during the conveyance and distribution process.
Due to the effect of water losses on distribution planning and operation process, it is …

A circular-type thermal flow sensor was designed and fabricated using MEMS technology in
order to detect flow direction and velocity, simultaneously. The designed sensor needs only …

A thermal flow direction sensor was fabricated using MEMS technology. A new structure was
suggested to improve the detection of airflow in any direction and its interface circuit was …

This research is about a thermal flow sensor, suggesting a new structure not only to improve
the detection of airflow directions in any direction but also realize flow detection without …

AC electromagnetic flowmeters yield a low-frequency signal whose amplitude is
proportional to the average fluid velocity. Typically, the input signal magnitude is below 1 mV …

In this paper, we present a two-dimensional (2-D) approach to electromagnetic flowmeters
design. Several design procedures that have been prepared and tested for designing …

SOILS of Fayoum depression are mostly salt affected and usually irrigated with water of EC
around 1.2±0.2 dS m-1. The current research was conducted to investigate the effects of …

In this work, Ni oxide thin films, with thermal sensitivity superior to Pt and Ni thin films, were
formed through annealing of Ni films deposited by a rf magnetron sputtering. The annealing …