Spirochaetes, a phylum that includes medically important pathogens such as the causative
agents of Lyme disease, syphilis, and leptospirosis, are in many ways highly unique …

Many bacteria swim in liquids and move over solid surfaces by rotating flagella. The
bacterial flagellum is a supramolecular protein complex that is composed of about 30 …

Bacteria swim using a flagellar motor that is powered by stator units. Vibrio spp. are highly
motile bacteria responsible for various human diseases, the polar flagella of which are …

Adaptation is a defining feature of living systems. The bacterial flagellar motor adapts to
changes in the external mechanical load by adding or removing torque-generating (stator) …

FliL is a bacterial flagellar protein demonstrated to associate with, and regulate ion flow
through, the stator complex in a diverse array of bacterial species. FliL is also implicated in …

Abstract Type IV pili (T4P) produced by the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa play a
pivotal role in adhesion, surface motility, biofilm formation, and infection in humans. Despite …

Understanding the in situ structure, organization, and interactions of macromolecules is
essential for elucidating their functions and mechanisms of action. Cellular cryo-electron …

The bacterial flagellum is a complex macromolecular machine that drives bacteria through
diverse fluid environments. Although many components of the flagellar motor are conserved …

Rotation of the bacterial flagellum, the first identified biological rotary machine, is driven by
its stator units. Knowledge gained about the function of stator units has increasingly led to …

The flagellar motor is a bidirectional rotary nanomachine used by many bacteria to sense
and move through environments of varying complexity. The bidirectional rotation of the …