Wasps, members of the order Hymenoptera, are distributed in different parts of the world,
including Brazil, Thailand, Japan, Korea, and Argentina. The lifestyles of the wasps are …

The primary functions of venoms from solitary and social wasps are different. Whereas most
solitary wasps sting their prey to paralyze and preserve it, without killing, as the provisions …

Centipedes are excellent predatory arthropods that inject venom to kill or immobilize their
prey. Although centipedes have long been known to be venomous, their venoms remain …

Background A long term research goal of venomics, of applied importance for improving
current antivenom therapy, but also for drug discovery, is to understand the pharmacological …

Among venomous animals, Hymenoptera have been suggested as a rich source of natural
toxins. Due to their broad ecological diversity, venom from Hymenoptera insects (bees …

Hyaluronidases are enzymes that mainly degrade hyaluronan, the major glycosaminoglycan
of the interstitial matrix. They are involved in several pathological and physiological activities …

Fire ants are well-known by their aggressive stinging behavior, causing many stinging
incidents of medical importance. The limited availability of fire ant venom for scientific and …

Insect venom phospholipases have been identified in nearly all clinically relevant social
Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps and ants. Among other biological roles, during the …

During oviposition, ectoparasitoid wasps not only inject their eggs but also a complex
mixture of proteins and peptides (venom) in order to regulate the host physiology to benefit …

Wasp stings have been arising to be a severe public health problem in China in recent
years. However, molecular information about lethal or toxic factors in wasp venom is …