The light-oxygen-voltage (LOV) domains of phototropins emerged as essential constituents
of light-sensitive proteins, helping initiate blue light-triggered responses. Moreover, these …

Optogenetics utilizes photosensitive proteins to manipulate the localization and interaction
of molecules in living cells. Because light can be rapidly switched and conveniently confined …

The emerging field of synthetic developmental biology proposes bottom-up approaches to
examine the contribution of each cellular process to complex morphogenesis. However, the …

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β
(TGFβ) superfamily and have crucial roles during development; including mesodermal …

Unraveling the transformative power of optogenetics in biology requires sophisticated
engineering for the creation and optimization of light-regulatable proteins. In addition …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest human receptor family and involved in
virtually every physiological process. One hallmark of their function is specific coupling to …

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Introduction: Attributable to some critical features especially the similarity of the protein …

Embryogenesis is coordinated by signaling pathways that pattern the developing organism.
Many aspects of this process are not fully understood, including how signaling molecules …

Dynamic protein-protein interactions are essential for proper cell functioning. Homo-
interaction events—physical interactions between the same type of proteins—represent a …

Abstract The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway promotes gliogenesis but the kinetic role of
RAF1, a key RAF kinase, in the induction of astrocytogenesis remains to be elucidated. To …