This review offers a systematic understanding about how polyphenols target multiple
inflammatory components and lead to anti-inflammatory mechanisms. It provides a clear …

The function and survival of all organisms is dependent on the dynamic control of energy
metabolism, when energy demand is matched to energy supply. The AMP-activated protein …

Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that plays a pivotal role in regulating food
intake, energy expenditure and neuroendocrine function. Leptin stimulates the oxidation of …

For decades, exercise has been consid-ered a cornerstone of diabetes management, along
with diet and medication. However, high-quality evidence on the importance of exercise and …

In the postprandial state, the liver takes up and stores glucose to minimize the fluctuation of
glycemia. Elevated insulin concentrations, an increase in the load of glucose reaching the …

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from l-arginine by NO synthase in virtually all cell types.
Emerging evidence shows that NO regulates the metabolism of glucose, fatty acids and …

The AMP-activated protein kinase is a sensor of cellular energy status that is found in all
eukaryotic cells. It is activated by rising AMP and falling ATP by a complex mechanism that …

gACRP30, the globular subunit of adipocyte complement-related protein of 30 kDa
(ACRP30), improves insulin sensitivity and increases fatty acid oxidation. The mechanism by …

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated within the cell in response to multiple
stresses that increase the intracellular AMP: ATP ratio. Here we show that incubation of …

Adipose tissue (AT) secretes several adipokines that influence insulin sensitivity and
potentially link obesity to insulin resistance. Apelin, a peptide present in different tissues, is …