Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a group of small power-constrained nodes that sense
data and communicate it to the base station (BS). These nodes cover a vast region of …

Clustering in wireless sensor networks plays a vital role in solving energy and scalability
issues. Although multiple deployment structures and cluster shapes have been …

In this paper, we propose a 3-level heterogeneous network model for WSNs to enhance the
network lifetime, which is characterized by a single parameter. Depending upon the value of …

Recently, researchers introduced energy-efficient dynamic routing protocols for wireless
sensor networks to avoid the premature end of network lifetime. This paper addresses the …

Abstract In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), effective transmission with acceptable
degradation in the power of sensor nodes is a key challenge. In a large network, holdup is …

The rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) creates a high requirement for data collected
through wireless sensor networks (WSNs), resulting in a lot of emphasis on WSN data …

The restricted battery of the sensors has always been a bottleneck for the WSNs. To
withstand the network life for a elongated period, the network can be partitioned into …

The network lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the most challenging
issues for any network protocol. The nodes in the network are densely deployed and are …

Clustering is an appealing paradigm exploited to improve the lifetime and scalability of
wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Considering the NP-completeness of the clustering …

The wireless sensor network has its applications spread in almost every domain of
networking, and to improve the lifetime of the limited power network various approaches are …