Degeneration of the intervertebral discs, a process characterized by a cascade of cellular,
biochemical, structural and functional changes, is strongly implicated as a cause of low back …

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is an often investigated pathophysiological condition
because of its implication in causing low back pain. As human material for such studies is …

OBJECTIVES: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease throughout the world.
Exosomes derived from miR-140-5p-overexpressing synovial mesenchymal stem cells …

The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a moderately moving joint that is located between the bony
vertebrae and provides flexibility and load transmission throughout the spinal column. The …

Tendons and ligaments are connective tissues that guide motion, share loads, and transmit
forces in a manner that is unique to each as well as the anatomical site and biomechanical …

Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is expressed in all basement membranes
(BMs), in cartilage, and several other mesenchymal tissues during development. Perlecan …

The notochord is the defining structure of the chordates, and has essential roles in
vertebrate development. It serves as a source of midline signals that pattern surrounding …

The nucleus of the intervertebral disc in humans shows the most dramatic changes with age
of any cartilaginous tissue. It originates from the notochord. In the foetus and infant, the …

β1 integrins are highly expressed on chondrocytes, where they mediate adhesion to
cartilage matrix proteins. To assess the functions of β1 integrin during skeletogenesis, we …

Various types of collagen have been identified as potential ligands for the two mammalian
discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinases, DDR1 and DDR2. Here, we used a recombinant …