Plaque microvascularization and increased endothelial permeability are key players in the
development of atherosclerosis, from the initial stages of plaque formation to the occurrence …

The vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration,
storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex …

The vasa vasorum are a vital microvascular network supporting the outer wall of larger blood
vessels. Although these dynamic microvessels have been studied for centuries, the …

We discuss the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of epicardial adipose tissue and
its relationship to coronary atherosclerosis. Epicardial fat stores triglyceride to supply free …

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), long assumed to be nothing more than vessel-
supporting connective tissue, is now understood to be an important, active component of the …

Atherosclerosis is orchestrated by complex interactions between vascular and inflammatory
cells. Traditionally, it has been considered to be an intimal inflammatory disease …

Background and Purpose—The cellular mechanisms of degeneration and repair preceding
rupture of the saccular cerebral artery aneurysm wall need to be elucidated for rational …

The molecular regulation of smooth muscle cell (SMC) behavior is reviewed, with particular
emphasis on stimuli that promote the contractile phenotype. SMCs can shift reversibly along …

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), the adipose tissue that surrounds most of the
vasculature, has emerged as an active component of the blood vessel wall regulating …

The adventitia, the outer layer of the blood vessel wall, may be the most complex layer of the
wall and may be the master regulator of wall physiology and pathobiology. This review …