Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a malignancy characterized by a poor
prognosis and high mortality rate. Genetic mutations and altered molecular pathways serve …

Cancer is still the leading cause of death globally. The approval of the therapeutic use of
monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint molecules, notably those that target the …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is projected to become the second deadliest
cancer in the United States by 2025, with 5-year survival at less than 10%. In other …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is notoriously aggressive and hard to treat. The
tumour microenvironment (TME) in PDA is highly dynamic and has been found to promote …

Chemotherapy is an important part of multimodality pancreatic cancer treatment. After
curative resection, adjuvant chemotherapy can significantly improve disease free survival …

Objective Recently, tumours with microsatellite instability (MSI)/defective DNA mismatch
repair (dMMR) have gained considerable interest due to the success of immunotherapy in …

Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease, with fewer than 7% of patients surviving beyond 5
years following diagnosis. Immune responses are known to influence tumour progression …

Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated
protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death …

Recent innovations in the next-generation sequencing technologies have unveiled that the
accumulation of genetic alterations results in the transformation of normal cells into cancer …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is typically diagnosed at an advanced stage,
with systemic therapy being the mainstay of treatment. Survival continues to be limited …