Originating in the equatorial Pacific, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has highly
consequential global impacts, motivating the need to understand its responses to …

Ocean temperature variability is a fundamental component of the Earth's climate system, and
extremes in this variability affect the health of marine ecosystems around the world. The …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Abstract The climate of South America (SA) has long held an intimate connection with El
Niño, historically describing anomalously warm sea-surface temperatures off the coastline of …

The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …

El Niño and La Niña events in the tropical Pacific have significant and disrupting impacts on
the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) …

Abstract Accurately representing the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is crucial for reliable climate
predictions and future projections. However, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and IOD …

Much of Australia has been in severe drought since at least 2017. Here we link Australian
droughts to the absence of Pacific and Indian Ocean mode states that act as key drivers of …

Summary The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes climatic fluctuations in the tropics
and extratropics via atmospheric teleconnections. The anomalous Pacific sea surface …

The latest generation of coupled models, the sixth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project
(CMIP6), is used to study the changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in a …