Twelve regulated cell death programs have been described. We review in detail the basic
biology of nine including death receptor-mediated apoptosis, death receptor-mediated …

Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process, essential for cellular homeostasis, that
eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria. Activated by inner membrane depolarization, it plays …

The maintenance of cellular function relies on the close regulation of adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and hydrolysis. ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATP Synthase …

Background: Targeting of drugs to the subcellular compartments represents one of the
modern trends in molecular pharmacology. The approach for targeting mitochondria was …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy, and despite
advances in genetic and pharmacological disease-modifying treatments, its management …

The characterization of fibro/adipogenic progenitor cells (FAPs) in the skeletal muscle has
contributed to modify the monocentric view of muscle regeneration beyond muscle satellite …

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a chronic muscle disease characterized by poor
myogenesis and replacement of muscle by extracellular matrix. Despite the shared genetic …

Dystrophin is the central protein of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) in skeletal
and heart muscle cells. Dystrophin connects the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix …

Strain and physical trauma to mechanically active cells, such as skeletal muscle myofibers,
injures their plasma membranes, and mitochondrial function is required for their repair. We …

Muscle function is regulated by Ca 2+, which mediates excitation-contraction coupling,
energy metabolism, adaptation to exercise, and sarcolemmal repair. Several of these …