Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in
neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

Objectives This narrative review describes the clinical features of apathy and depression in
individuals with neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), with the goal of differentiating the two …

Importance The behavioral variant of Alzheimer disease (bvAD) is characterized by early
and predominant behavioral deficits caused by AD pathology. This AD phenotype is …

Future research directions include both clinical and basic neuroscience investigations. The
detection of early neuropsychiatric symptoms might be a marker for dementia, and the …

Prevailing frameworks propose that a key feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) is lower motivation. An important component of motivation is the willingness to …

Background Dysfunction of the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system occurs early in
Alzheimer's disease, contributing to cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in some …

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem structure located in the lower pons and is the
main source of noradrenaline (NA) in the brain. Via its phasic and tonic firing, it modulates …

We are facing a growing aging population, along with increasing pressure on health
systems, caused by the impact of chronic co‐morbidities (ie cancer, cardiovascular and …

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) occur in nearly all patients with Alzheimer's Disease
(AD). Most frequently they appear since the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage preceding …

Apathy is a disabling syndrome associated with poor functional outcomes that is common
across a broad range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Currently, there are no …