Water, a necessary component of cell protoplasm, plays an essential role in supporting life
on Earth; nevertheless, extreme changes in climatic conditions limit water availability …

In recent decades, the demand for vegetables has increased significantly due to the
blooming global population. Climate change has affected vegetable production by …

Plant secondary metabolites are vital for human health leading to the gain the access to
natural products. The quality of crops is the result of the interaction of different biotic and …

Green pepper is regarded as one of the globally essential commercial crops with bright color
and rich nutrition. However, green pepper is susceptible to mechanical injuries as a result of …

The deleterious effects of drought stress have led to a significant decline in vegetable
production, ultimately affecting food security. After sensing drought stress signals …

Capsaicin is the main food active component in Capsicum that has gained considerable
attention due to its broad biological activities, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti …

Chili is a popular spice crop in Nepal, a country with countless genetic diversity and a wider
distribution covering areas from the tropics to the warm temperate regions. However, the …

Drought stress can have negative impacts on crop productivity. It triggers the accumulation
of reactive oxygen species, which causes oxidative stress. Limited water and nutrient uptake …

The acceleration of the climate crisis and increased demand for water have caused water
stress in many agricultural lands worldwide. This issue is of utmost importance as water …

Opportunistic pathogenic fungi arise in agricultural crops as well as in surrounding human
daily life. The recent increase in antifungal-resistant strains has created the need for new …