Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive
fibrosis, ultimately leading to end‐stage renal disease. Although many studies have …

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal
disease that is equivalent to hemodialysis with respect to adequacy, mortality, and other …

Background Glomerulonephritis, which causes inflammation in glomeruli, is a common
cause of end-stage renal failure. Severe and prolonged inflammation can damage glomeruli …

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage
renal disease. Even if it ensures an outcome equivalent to hemodialysis and a better quality …

Lymphatic vessels drain excess tissue fluids to maintain the interstitial environment.
Lymphatic capillaries develop during the progression of tissue fibrosis in various clinical and …

The mammalian vascular system consists of two networks: the blood vascular system and
the lymphatic vascular system. Throughout the body, the lymphatic system contributes to …

Angiogenesis of human peritoneal vascular endothelial cells (HPVECs), linked to vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling, is a complication of …

Background Peritoneal fibrosis is a major intractable complication of long-term peritoneal
dialysis, and would eventually lead to peritoneal ultrafiltration failure and the termination of …

The prominent desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a
determinant factor in tumor progression and a major barrier to the access of chemotherapy …

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a defining characteristic feature of neovascular age-
related macular degeneration (nAMD) that frequently results in irreversible vision loss. The …