Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects

D Luethi, ME Liechti - Archives of toxicology, 2020 - Springer
Psychoactive substances with chemical structures or pharmacological profiles that are
similar to traditional drugs of abuse continue to emerge on the recreational drug market …

Designer benzodiazepines: a review of toxicology and public health risks

P Brunetti, R Giorgetti, A Tagliabracci, MA Huestis… - Pharmaceuticals, 2021 - mdpi.com
The rising use of designer benzodiazepines (DBZD) is a cat-and-mouse game between
organized crime and law enforcement. Non-prohibited benzodiazepines are introduced onto …

An expanding world of new psychoactive substances—designer benzodiazepines

JB Zawilska, J Wojcieszak - Neurotoxicology, 2019 - Elsevier
The abuse of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has been increasing dramatically since
the late 2000s worldwide. Between 2009 and 2017, a total of 803 individual NPS were …

Etizolam: a rapid review on pharmacology, non‐medical use and harms

S Nielsen, A McAuley - Drug and Alcohol Review, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Issues Etizolam is a thienodiazepine derivative, with high affinity for the benzodiazepine site
of GABAA receptors. It is often referred to as a new (or novel) psychoactive substance, a …

Blood concentrations of designer benzodiazepines: relation to impairment and findings in forensic cases

G Heide, G Høiseth, G Middelkoop… - Journal of Analytical …, 2020 - academic.oup.com
The use of designer benzodiazepines appears to be increasing in many countries, but data
concerning blood concentrations are scarce, making interpretation of concentrations difficult …

Analysis of MT-45, a novel synthetic opioid, in human whole blood by LC–MS-MS and its identification in a drug-related death

D Papsun, A Krywanczyk, JC Vose… - Journal of Analytical …, 2016 - academic.oup.com
Abstract MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1, 2-diphenylethyl) piperazine) is just one of the many novel
psychoactive substances (NPS) to have reached the recreational drug market in the twenty …

Characteristics of fatal 'novel'benzodiazepine toxicity in Australia

S Darke, A Peacock, J Duflou, M Farrell… - Forensic science …, 2022 - Elsevier
Introduction The study aimed to determine: 1. The characteristics of all recorded cases of
fatal drug poisoning involving 'novel'benzodiazepines (NBZDs) in Australia; 2. The …

A case series of etizolam in opioid-related deaths

J Gevorkyan, J Kinyua, S Pearring… - Journal of Analytical …, 2021 - academic.oup.com
Etizolam is a novel psychoactive substance and novel benzodiazepine of the
thienotriazolodiazepine class, which has recently seen an increasing trend in use …

Etizolam and its major metabolites: a short review

AA Al Bahri, HJ Hamnett - Journal of Analytical Toxicology, 2023 - academic.oup.com
Etizolam is a benzodiazepine (BZD). Etizolam is structurally different from BZDs as a
thiophene replaces the benzene ring and a triazole ring is fused to the diazepine ring, but …

Is etizolam a safe medication? Effects on psychomotor perfomance at therapeutic dosages of a newly abused psychoactive substance

FP Busardò, A Di Trana, E Montanari, S Mauloni… - Forensic Science …, 2019 - Elsevier
Etizolam is a drug from the thienotriazoldiazepine class, widely prescribed as anxiolytic due
to its apparently secure toxicological profile. Nevertheless, some recent cases of etizolam …