The mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been extensively explored in the
last decades but are in fact largely unknown. Although the specificity of adaptive immune …

Effectively treating infectious diseases often requires a multi-step approach to target different
components involved in disease pathogenesis. Similarly, the COVID-19 pandemic has …

Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive
characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non …

Background BCG is recommended as intravesical immunotherapy to reduce the risk of
tumor recurrence in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Currently, it …

Innate immune cells can undergo long-term functional reprogramming after certain
infections, a process called trained immunity (TI). Here, we focus on antigens of Leishmania …

While the efficacy of many current vaccines is well-established, various factors can diminish
their effectiveness, particularly in vulnerable groups. Amidst emerging pandemic threats …

Aiming to explore whether oral immunization with heat-inactivated Mycobacterium bovis
(HIMB) protects mice against Leishmania infection, 18 female BALB/c mice were randomly …

The preventive situation of parasitosis, a global public health burden especially for
developing countries, is not looking that good. Similar to other infections, vaccines would be …

The bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is an attenuated bacterium derived from virulent
Mycobacterium bovis. It is the only licensed vaccine used for preventing severe forms of …

Interleukin-32 (IL-32) has several immune regulatory properties, which have driven its
investigation in the context of various diseases. IL-32 expression is reported to be induced in …