Copper is an essential trace element in biological systems, maintaining the activity of
enzymes and the function of transcription factors. However, at high concentrations, copper …

Autophagy is a core molecular pathway for the preservation of cellular and organismal
homeostasis. Pharmacological and genetic interventions impairing autophagy responses …

Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by unrestricted
lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Although GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4) plays …

ABSTRACT Selenoprotein GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), originally known as PHGPX
(phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase), is the main oxidoreductase in the use …

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, lysosome-dependent catabolic process whereby
cytoplasmic components, including damaged organelles, protein aggregates and lipid …

The demise of cells in various ways enables the body to clear unwanted cells. Studies over
the years revealed distinctive molecular mechanisms and functional consequences of …

Ferroptosis, a cell death modality characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, is
involved in the development of multiple pathological conditions, including ischemic tissue …

The NLRP3 inflammasome is cytosolic multi-protein complex that induces inflammation and
pyroptotic cell death in response to both pathogen (PAMPs) and endogenous activators …

Selective autophagy is the lysosomal degradation of specific intracellular components
sequestered into autophagosomes, late endosomes, or lysosomes through the activity of …

Autophagosomes are double-membrane vesicles newly formed during autophagy to engulf
a wide range of intracellular material and transport this autophagic cargo to lysosomes (or …