Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a focal point of climate change, with ocean warming,
freshening, sea‐ice decline, and circulation that link to the changing atmospheric and …

Abstract The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the
ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and …

Manifestations of climate change are often shown as gradual changes in physical or
biogeochemical properties. Components of the climate system, however, can show stepwise …

Key observational indicators of climate change in the Arctic, most spanning a 47 year period
(1971–2017) demonstrate fundamental changes among nine key elements of the Arctic …

Year-round in situ Bering Strait mooring data (1990–2015) document a long-term increase
(∼ 0.01 Sv/yr) in the annual mean transport of Pacific waters into the Arctic. Between 2002 …

Terrestrial hydrology is central to the Arctic system and its freshwater circulation. Water
transport and water constituents vary, however, across a very diverse geography. In this …

Large freshwater anomalies clearly exist in the Arctic Ocean. For example, liquid freshwater
has accumulated in the Beaufort Gyre in the decade of the 2000s compared to 1980–2000 …

Dramatic environmental shifts are occuring throughout the Arctic from climate change, with
consequences for the cycling of mercury (Hg). This review summarizes the latest science on …

Hydrographic data collected from research cruises, bottom‐anchored moorings, drifting Ice‐
Tethered Profilers, and satellite altimetry in the Beaufort Gyre region of the Arctic Ocean …

River inputs of nutrients and organic matter impact the biogeochemistry of arctic estuaries
and the Arctic Ocean as a whole, yet there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude …