The extensive utilization and inadequate handling of plastics have resulted in severe
environmental ramifications. In particular, plastics composed solely of a carbon-carbon (C …

Biodegradable plastics, perceived as 'environmentally friendly'materials, may end up in
natural environments. This impact is often overlooked in the literature due to a lack of …

The chemical components of plastic wastes have made their disposal a major economic,
social, and environmental problem worldwide. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and …

The ubiquitous presence of fragmented plastic particles needs comprehensive
understanding of its fate in the environment. The long-term persistence of microplastics …

Coastal waters are complex and dynamic areas with unique environmental attributes that
complicate the vertical migration of microplastics (MPs). The MPs that enter coastal waters …

The majority of microplastics (MPs) found in the environment originate from plastic
fragmentation occurring in the environment and are influenced by environmental factors …

Abstract This Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of
the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the interactive effects of …

Mechanical degradation (erosion) of plastics in the marine environment has been reported
in many literature studies but without quantitative information. This type of degradation is …

Rivers have been recognized as the primary conveyors of microplastics to the oceans, and
seaward transport flux of riverine microplastics is an issue of global attention. However …

As a major source of microplastics (MPs) for global oceans, estuarine MPs pose challenges
for numerical modeling due to their particle diversity, while hydrodynamics and suspended …