Hemifacial spasm is defined as unilateral, involuntary, irregular clonic or tonic movement of
muscles innervated by the seventh cranial nerve. Most frequently attributed to vascular loop …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by involuntary unilateral contractions of the
muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve, usually starting around the eyes before …

The diagnosis of primary hemifacial spasm (pHFS), due to a benign compression of the
facial motor nerve by a vessel, within or close to its root exit zone, is often made with delay …

Opinion statement The treatment of both hemifacial spasm (HFS) and blepharospasm (BEB)
requires making the appropriate clinical diagnosis. Advance imaging and electrophysiologic …

OBJECTIVE In microvascular decompression surgery for trigeminal neuralgia and
hemifacial spasm, the bridging veins are dissected to provide the surgical corridors, and the …

Almost all primary hemifacial spasms are associated with one or more neurovascular
conflicts, most often at the root exit zone in the immediate vicinity of the brainstem. Imaging …

Hyperkinesias are heterogeneous involuntary movements that significantly differ in terms of
clinical and semeiological manifestations, including rhythm, regularity, speed, duration, and …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) due to direct compression of the facial nerve by a dolichoectatic
vertebrobasilar artery is rare. Vessels are often non-compliant and tethered by critical …

OBJECTIVE Abnormal lateral spread response (LSR) is a typical finding in facial
electromyography (EMG) in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS). Although intraoperative …

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) or trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a kind of hyperactivity disorder of
cranial nerves caused by vascular compression. However, sometimes, the disease may …