The proper functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is crucial for multiple cellular
activities and survival. Disturbances in the normal ER functions lead to the accumulation and …

Proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are properly folded with the
assistance of ER chaperones. Malfolded proteins are disposed of by ER‐associated protein …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulates protein synthesis, protein folding and trafficking,
cellular responses to stress and intracellular calcium (Ca 2+) levels. Alterations in Ca 2+ …

The labyrinth of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interweaves the cytosol and connects to the
nucleus, mitochondria, and the plasma membrane. In the lumen of the ER, the essential …

The discovery of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) with regulatory functions is a recent
breakthrough in biology. Among sncRNAs, microRNA (miRNA), derived from host or virus …

DNA damage is believed to be the main cause of the antiproliferative effect of cisplatin, a
cornerstone agent in anticancer therapy. However, cisplatin can be expected to react also …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of assembly of polypeptide chains destined for
secretion or routing into various subcellular compartments. It also regulates cellular …

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process by which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) directs
sequence-specific degradation of messenger RNA in animal and plant cells,. In mammalian …

Viral infection induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and interferon responses. While
viral double-stranded RNA intermediates trigger interferon responses, viral polypeptides …

Viruses elicit cell and organismic stress, and offset homeostasis. They trigger intrinsic, innate
and adaptive immune responses, which limit infection. Viruses restore homeostasis by …