Helium, hydrogen, and fuzz in plasma-facing materials

KD Hammond - Materials Research Express, 2017 - iopscience.iop.org
Tungsten, the primary material under consideration as the divertor material in magnetic-
confinement nuclear fusion reactors, has been known for the last decade to form'fuzz'—a …

Challenges and opportunities of modeling plasma–surface interactions in tungsten using high-performance computing

BD Wirth, KD Hammond, SI Krasheninnikov… - Journal of Nuclear …, 2015 - Elsevier
The performance of plasma facing components (PFCs) is critical for ITER and future
magnetic fusion reactors. The ITER divertor will be tungsten, which is the primary candidate …

Large-scale atomistic simulations of low-energy helium implantation into tungsten single crystals

KD Hammond, S Blondel, L Hu, D Maroudas, BD Wirth - Acta Materialia, 2018 - Elsevier
Large-scale molecular dynamics simulations of post-implantation helium behavior in plasma-
facing tungsten single crystals reveal orientation-dependent depth profiles, surface evolution …

Diffusion and transformation kinetics of small helium clusters in bulk tungsten

D Perez, T Vogel, BP Uberuaga - Physical Review B, 2014 - APS
The production of energy through nuclear fusion poses serious challenges related to the
stability and performance of materials in extreme conditions. In particular, the constant …

A new loop-punching mechanism for helium bubble growth in tungsten

H Xie, N Gao, K Xu, GH Lu, T Yu, F Yin - Acta Materialia, 2017 - Elsevier
Growth of helium (He) bubbles with different initial sizes in tungsten (W) has been
investigated by performing molecular dynamics simulations. Based on the simulation results …

Molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo hybrid simulation for fuzzy tungsten nanostructure formation

AM Ito, A Takayama, Y Oda, T Tamura… - Nuclear …, 2015 - iopscience.iop.org
For the purposes of long-term use of tungsten divertor walls, the formation process of the
fuzzy tungsten nanostructure induced by exposure to the helium plasma was studied. In the …

Crystal orientation effects on helium ion depth distributions and adatom formation processes in plasma-facing tungsten

KD Hammond, BD Wirth - Journal of applied physics, 2014 - pubs.aip.org
We present atomistic simulations that show the effect of surface orientation on helium depth
distributions and surface feature formation as a result of low-energy helium plasma …

A review of surface damage/microstructures and their effects on hydrogen/helium retention in tungsten

YG Li, QR Zheng, LM Wei, CG Zhang, Z Zeng - Tungsten, 2020 - Springer
The change in surface damage/microstructures and its effects on the hydrogen (H)
isotope/helium (He) dynamic behavior are the key factors for investigating issues of tungsten …

The mobility of small vacancy/helium complexes in tungsten and its impact on retention in fusion-relevant conditions

D Perez, L Sandoval, S Blondel, BD Wirth… - Scientific reports, 2017 - nature.com
Tungsten is a promising plasma facing material for fusion reactors. Despite many favorable
properties, helium ions incoming from the plasma are known to dramatically affect the …

Equation of state for He bubbles in W and model of He bubble growth and bursting near W {100} surfaces derived from molecular dynamics simulations

W Setyawan, D Dasgupta, S Blondel, G Nandipati… - Scientific Reports, 2023 - nature.com
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to derive an equation of state (EOS) for
helium (He) bubbles in tungsten (W) and to study the growth of He bubbles under a W (100) …