Neurological and psychiatric disorders are a category of chronic diseases that are
widespread and pose serious mental and physical health problems for patients. The …

Tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway generates a variety of bioactive
metabolites. Physical exercise can modulate kynurenine pathway metabolism in skeletal …

Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the incidence of non-communicable diseases
(NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, has been increasing worldwide. Changes in …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease, which is characterized by
the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes without excess alcohol intake. Circadian …

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are characterized by progressive loss of selectively
vulnerable neuronal populations and myelin sheath, leading to behavioral and cognitive …

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is proposed to maintain thermal homeostasis through
dissipation of chemical energy as heat by the uncoupling proteins (UCPs) present in their …

Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1a) is a central
regulator of metabolism that is poised at the intersection of myriad intracellular signaling …

Mitochondrial abundance and function are tightly controlled during metabolic adaptation but
dysregulated in pathological states such as diabetes, neurodegeneration, cancer, and …

Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading, cause of sight loss in
the elderly in the Western world. Most patients remain still without any treatment options. The …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), has become the main cause of end-stage renal disease
(ESRD) worldwide. Lately, it has been shown that the onset and advancement of DKD are …