In the past 20 years, Political Science research has increasingly focused on urban and local
politics. We systematically review this literature and find that smaller cities are …

A quarter of a century ago the first series of European Parliament elections were
characterised as second-order national elections. Much has changed since, which might …

In 2015, for the first time in the history of Portuguese democracy, radical left parties
relinquished their status as outsiders and lent their support to a Socialist Party cabinet …

The second-order election (SOE) model as originally formulated by Reif and Schmitt (1980)
suggests that, relative to the preceding first-order election result, turnout is lower in SOEs …

One of the intriguing phenomena in democracy is the fact that politicians involved in,
accused of or condemned for corruption in a court of law get re-elected by their constituents …

The 2014 European Parliament (EP) elections took place in a very particular environment.
Economic crisis, bailout packages, and austerity measures were central on the agenda in …

Most accounts of electoral system change tend to consider it as being driven by purely
partisan interests. Political parties are expected to change the electoral rules as a way to …

The second-order paradigm is the dominant framework for research on electoral behavior in
European Parliament (EP) elections. In this study, we assess to what degree voting patterns …

The main objective of this article is to analyse the campaigns and results of the three 2009
Portuguese elections: European, legislative and local. The 2009 election cycle also …

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