Clientelism is characterized by the combination of particularistic targeting and contingency-
based exchange. This method of contingent exchange thrives in both autocracies and …

This article reviews the burgeoning literature on democratic authoritarianism, which
examines two related but distinct questions: why authoritarian regimes adopt institutions …

Democracy for Sale is an on-the-ground account of Indonesian democracy, analyzing its
election campaigns and behind-the-scenes machinations. Edward Aspinall and Ward …

Throughout the twentieth century, much of the population in Latin America lacked access to
social protection. Since the 1990s, however, social policy for millions of outsiders-rural …

Brokers, Voters, and Clientelism addresses major questions in distributive politics. Why is it
acceptable for parties to try to win elections by promising to make certain groups of people …

This book explores the impact of economic crises and free-market reforms on party systems
and political representation in contemporary Latin America. It explains why some patterns of …

Poverty relief programs are shaped by politics. The particular design which social programs
take is to a large extent determined by the existing institutional constraints and politicians' …

Methods of appointments to public office seem a dull focus for a book about the politics of
change. Yet how public servants are recruited, how their careers unfold, and how they think …

In democracies, power is obtained via competition. Yet, as women gain access to
parliaments in record numbers, worldwide collaboration appears to be on the rise. This is …

Political machines (or clientelist parties) mobilize electoral support by trading particularistic
benefits to voters in exchange for their votes. But if the secret ballot hides voters' actions from …