Purpose: The aim of this review is to analyze haptic sensory substitution technologies for
deaf, blind and deaf–blind individuals. Method: The literature search has been performed in …

This paper discusses state-of-the-art tactile displays fabricated by a micro-electronic-
mechanical-system (MEMS). A tactile display conveys tactile sensations to users by using …

Electroactive polymer actuators stimulated by appropriate levels of electric field are
particularly attractive for human-assist devices such as Braille. The development of a full …

We present a lightweight, low power, and compliant miniature dielectric fluid transducer
intended for haptic surface display. The actuator has a large strain and fast response without …

This works presents a survey on recent technologies applied for Refreshable Braille
Displays (RBD): these devices allow the dynamic rendering of refreshable Braille …

Refreshable tactile displays based on pin array technologies have a significant impact on
the education of children with visual impairments, but they are prohibitively expensive. To …

The development of a cost-efficient braille device is a crucial challenge in haptic technology
to improve the integration of visually impaired people. Exclusion of any group threatens the …

In this work, we present the design and development of BrailleCursor, a patent pending full-
size Refreshable Braille Display featuring 40 Braille cells and based on an innovative …

Piezoelectric benders are widely used in industrial applications due to their low-cost and
compact size. However, due to the large relative size and cost of displacement sensors …

This article derives design guidelines for integrating strain gauges into the electrodes of
piezoelectric bending actuators. The proposed sensor can estimate the actuator tip …