Introduction: There is a clinical need for pharmaceutical dosage forms devised to prolong
the acting time of local anesthetic (LA) agents or to reduce their toxicity. Encapsulation of LA …

The purpose of immunization is the effective cellular and humoral immune response against
antigens. Several studies on novel vaccine delivery approaches such as micro-particles …

There has been increasing interest and rapid developments in precision medicine, which is
a new medical concept and model based on individualized medicine with the joint …

Introduction: One of the most common strategies for pain control during and after surgical
procedures is the use of local anesthetics. Prolonged analgesia can be safely achieved with …

Lipid nanoparticles (liposomes) were first described in 1965, and several work have led to
development of important technical advances like triggered release liposomes and drug …

Pain is a widespread and growing health problem worldwide that exerts a considerable
social and economic impact on both patients and healthcare systems and, therefore, on …

Part 1 comments on the types of local anaesthetics (LAs); it provides a better understanding
of the mechanisms of action of LAs, and their pharmacokinetics and toxicity. It reviews the …

A delivery system based on poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer (PLGA) microparticles has
been developed for parenteral administration of the local anesthetic prilocaine in its free …

Local anesthesia in plastic surgery is undergoing a revolution. In the last 10 years,
significant improvements in technique have permitted surgeons to do more and more under …

Peripheral nerve blockade (PNB) is a common treatment to relieve postoperative pain.
However, local anesthetics alone have a short duration of action and severe side effects …