Significant experimental, computational, and theoretical work has identified rich structure
within the coordinated activity of interconnected neural populations. An emerging challenge …

Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

The hippocampus is crucial for spatial navigation and episodic memory formation.
Hippocampal place cells exhibit spatially selective activity within an environment and have …

INTRODUCTION Perceptual experiences in mammals may arise from patterns of neural
circuit activity in cerebral cortex. For example, primary visual cortex (V1) is causally capable …

Neurons in cortical circuits are often coactivated as ensembles, yet it is unclear whether
ensembles play a functional role in behavior. Some ensemble neurons have pattern …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

Interest in deciphering the fundamental mechanisms and processes of the human mind
represents a central driving force in modern neuroscience research. Activities in support of …

Investigation of neural circuit dynamics is crucial for deciphering the functional connections
among regions of the brain and understanding the mechanism of brain dysfunction. Despite …

Neuronal networks with strong recurrent connectivity provide the brain with a powerful
means to perform complex computational tasks. However, high-gain excitatory networks are …

Understanding brain function requires technologies that can control the activity of large
populations of neurons with high fidelity in space and time. We developed a multiphoton …