Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and disability, with a
considerable socioeconomic burden. Heterogeneity of pathoanatomical subtypes and …

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with
significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is …

Virtually all phases of spinal cord injury pathogenesis, including inflammation, cell
proliferation and differentiation, as well as tissue remodeling, are mediated in part by …

Animal studies are now showing the exciting potential to achieve significant functional
recovery following central nervous system (CNS) injury by manipulating both the inefficient …

Cells of myeloid origin, such as microglia and macrophages, act at the crossroads of several
inflammatory mechanisms during pathophysiology. Besides pro-inflammatory activity (M1 …

Central nervous system (CNS) injuries do not heal properly in contrast to normal tissue
repair, in which functional recovery typically occurs. The reason for this dichotomy in wound …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a complex pathophysiology. Following the initial physical
trauma to the spinal cord, which may cause vascular disruption, hemorrhage, mechanical …

The pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI) remains poorly understood and treatment
remains limited. Emerging evidence indicates that post-SCI inflammation is severe but the …

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability, and there are currently
no pharmacological treatments known to improve patient outcomes. Unquestionably …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to formation of a fibrotic scar that is inhibitory to axon
regeneration. Recent evidence indicates that the fibrotic scar is formed by perivascular …