Diabetes mellitus is a chronic heterogeneous metabolic disorder with complex
pathogenesis. It is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels or hyperglycemia, which …

The hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNFs) namely HNF1α/β, FOXA1/2/3, HNF4α/γ and
ONECUT1/2 are expressed in a variety of tissues and organs, including the liver, pancreas …

The pancreatic islets are composed of discrete hormone-producing cells that orchestrate
systemic glucose homeostasis. Here we identify subsets of beta cells using a single-cell …

Pregnancy in placental mammals places unique demands on the insulin‐producing β‐cells
in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. The pancreas anticipates the increase in insulin …

Congenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is an inappropriate insulin secretion by the pancreatic β-
cells secondary to various genetic disorders. The incidence is estimated at 1/50, 000 live …

This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet—including its structure, cell composition,
development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key …

Background Macrosomia is associated with considerable neonatal and maternal morbidity.
Factors that predict macrosomia are poorly understood. The increased rate of macrosomia in …

Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic disorder characterized by
autosomal dominant inheritance of young‐onset (typically< 25 years), noninsulin …

Environmental factors interact with the genome throughout life to determine gene expression
and, consequently, tissue function and disease risk. One such factor that is known to play an …

Summary β cell dysfunction is a central component of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.
Using oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time PCR of pancreatic islets isolated from …