Supramolecular gels are formed by the self-assembly of small molecules under the
influence of various non-covalent interactions. As the interactions are individually weak and …

Bottom‐up synthetic biology is the science of building systems that mimic the structure and
function of living cells from scratch. To do this, researchers combine tools from chemistry …

Building an artificial cell is a research area that is rigorously studied in the field of synthetic
biology. It has brought about much attention with the aim of ultimately constructing a natural …

As a new form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis is closely related to various diseases. To
interpret this biological behavior and monitor related pathological processes, it is necessary …

Living and proliferating cells undergo repeated cycles of growth, replication and division, all
orchestrated by complex molecular networks. How a minimal cell cycle emerged and helped …

A major goal of synthetic biology is to understand the transition between non-living matter
and life. The bottom-up development of an artificial cell would provide a minimal system with …

Lipid membranes in cells are fluid structures that undergo constant synthesis, remodeling,
fission, and fusion. The dynamic nature of lipid membranes enables their use as adaptive …

Synthetic cells are engineered vesicles that can mimic one or more salient features of life.
These features include directed localization, sense‐and‐respond behavior, gene …

In contrast to ordinary condensed matter systems,“living systems” are unique. They are
based on molecular compartments that reproduce themselves through (i) an uptake of …

The construction of energetically autonomous artificial protocells is one of the most
ambitious goals in bottom-up synthetic biology. Here, we show an efficient manner to build …