Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential of composted organic wastes not only as
substitutes for peat as a growth substrate but also to stimulate plant growth and suppress …

Conventional soilless growing media, such as perlite, are mined from nonrenewable
resources and can only be disposed of in landfills after limited use. There is a need to …

This study evaluated the use of bottom ash as a root medium component when mixed with
coir dust in different ratios. Each of two kinds of bottom ash (coarse bottom ash, CBA, with …

The power and heat production in Estonia is based over 90% on the combustion of a local
solid fossil fuel—Estonian oil shale (OS), and at that 7–8 million tons of OS ash are formed …

A circular economy becomes an object of actual discussions as a real alternative to the
existing linear economy system. The problem is actually in Estonia also, first of all in the …

The commercial plant growth materials are widely used in a soil-less culture because of their
high hardness and ease of use. However, the disadvantages of commercial plant growth …

Ash and cinder (or coal combustion residues–CCR) are normal by-products in the power
production at the thermal power plants (TPP), as they are incombustible fraction of coal. At …

For the production of the organic substrate, matured standard compost, coal dust, stabilized
paper mill sludge and sand (2: 1: 1: 1 all in dry weight) were used. The substrate was …

This study evaluated the use of bottom ash as a root medium component when mixed with
coir dust in different ratios. Each of two kinds of bottom ash (coarse bottom ash, CBA, with …

This study evaluated the use of bottom ash as a root medium component when mixed with
coir dust in different ratios. Each of two kinds of bottom ash (coarse bottom ash, CBA, with …