Engineering and manufacturing processes and systems designs involve many challenges,
such as dynamism, chaotic behaviours, and complexity. Of late, the arrival of big data, high …

Intelligent transport systems are increasingly being used in practice these days. Fog nodes
and cloud servers collect real-time pedestrian and vehicle data and train them based on …

Security and reliability issues have always been a big challenge in digital communications.
With the emerging 5G technologies, new requirements are introduced where latency …

In the present time, dam management is considered one of the important challenges for e-
government in Iraq, becuase it needs information technology infrastructure, data integrity …

Background: Most subscriber identification module (SIM) which usually finds their way to
mobile phone users are primarily unregistered or pre-registered. Criminals buy these SIM …

The protection of data is essential in this digitized world and hence the need for
cryptographic techniques to aid in this process. Cryptography in general helps achieve three …

In recent times, data transmission in electronic medium is found to be more susceptible to
several attacks. The study aims to control the multi-level attacks in encryption and decryption …

Advanced encryption standard (AES) is frequently used to encrypt data transmission over
the internet since it is not prone to practical attacks. Many variants of AES exist with different …

Security level in authentication is essential to decrease the possibility of an account being
guessed. Several authentication methods are widely used nowadays, covering digital …

Networking of computer and information communication and technology (ICT) devices, gives
a better and an efficient medium for information and data shearing around the globe, among …