Outside laboratory conditions and human-made structures, animals rarely encounter flat
surfaces. Instead, natural substrates are uneven surfaces with height variation that ranges …

Research toward small, autonomous, and mobile robots is inspired by both the insects we
see around us and numerous applications, from inspection of jet engines and civil …

In early 2016, we had the opportunity to test a pair of sprawling posture robots, one
designed to mimic a crocodile and another designed to mimic a monitor lizard, along the …

Robots excel at avoiding obstacles but struggle to traverse complex 3-D terrain with
cluttered large obstacles. By contrast, insects like cockroaches excel at doing so. Recent …

To traverse complex three-dimensional terrain with large obstacles, animals and robots must
transition across different modes. However, most mechanistic understanding of terrestrial …

Small animals and robots must often rapidly traverse large bump-like obstacles when
moving through complex 3D terrains, during which, in addition to leg-ground contact, their …

Robots still struggle to dynamically traverse complex 3D terrain with many large obstacles,
an ability required for many critical applications. Body–obstacle interaction is often inevitable …

Natural terrain is rarely flat. Substrate irregularities challenge walking animals to maintain
stability, yet we lack quantitative assessments of walking performance and limb kinematics …

To traverse complex terrain, animals often transition between locomotor modes. It is well
known that locomotor transitions can be induced by switching in neural control circuits or …

Robotic spacecrafts have helped expand the reach for many planetary exploration missions.
Most ground mobile planetary exploration robots use wheeled or modified wheeled …