The CRISPR-Cas9 RNA-guided DNA endonuclease has contributed to an explosion of
advances in the life sciences that have grown from the ability to edit genomes within living …

Bacteria and archaea possess a range of defense mechanisms to combat plasmids and viral
infections. Unique among these are the CRISPR-Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short …

CRISPR-Cas systems provide microbes with adaptive immunity to infectious nucleic acids
and are widely employed as genome editing tools. These tools use RNA-guided Cas …

CRISPR-Cas12a (Cpf1) proteins are RNA-guided enzymes that bind and cut DNA as
components of bacterial adaptive immune systems. Like CRISPR-Cas9, Cas12a has been …

Despite the availability of Cas9 variants with varied protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM)
compatibilities, some genomic loci—especially those with pyrimidine-rich PAM sequences …

CRISPR–Cas systems that provide defence against mobile genetic elements in bacteria and
archaea have evolved a variety of mechanisms to target and cleave RNA or DNA. The well …

CRISPR–Cas systems provide microbes with adaptive immunity by employing short DNA
sequences, termed spacers, that guide Cas proteins to cleave foreign DNA,. Class 2 …

BACKGROUND Prokaryotes have evolved multiple systems to combat invaders such as
viruses and plasmids. Examples of such defense systems include receptor masking …

CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing has transformed biotechnology and therapeutics. However,
in vivo applications of some Cas9s are hindered by large size (limiting delivery by adeno …

Genome editing promises giant leaps forward in advancing biotechnology, agriculture, and
basic research. The process relies on the use of sequence specific nucleases (SSNs) to …