Cytokines have pivotal roles in immunity, making them attractive as therapeutics for a variety
of immune-related disorders. However, the widespread clinical use of cytokines has been …

CD40 is a TNF receptor superfamily member expressed on both immune and non-immune
cells. Interactions between B cell-expressed CD40 and its binding partner, CD40L …

Over recent years it has become increasingly clear that innate immune responses can
shape the adaptive immune response. Among the most potent molecules of the innate …

The prevalence of allergic diseases has significantly increased in industrialized countries.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) remains as the only curative treatment. The …

Cytokines are important modulators of lymphocytes, and both interleukin-21 (IL-21) and IL-6
have proposed roles in T follicular helper (Tfh) differentiation, and directly act on B cells …

The activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) gene, specifically expressed in germinal
center B cells in mice, is a member of the cytidine deaminase family. We herein report …

Interleukin 10 (IL-10), originally identified as a TH2 helper T-cell product able to inhibit
cytokine production by TH1 cells, is highly homologous to BCRF1 (viral IL-10), an open …

An engagement of CD40 with CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed on activated T cells is known
to provide an essential costimulatory signal to B cells in vitro. To investigate the role of CD40 …

In this study we have shown that activation of arthritogenic splenocytes with antigen and
agonistic anti-CD40 gives raise to a B cell population that produce high levels of interleukin …

CD40 is an integral membrane protein found on the surface of B lymphocytes, dendritic
cells, follicular dendritic cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells, epithelial cells, and …