Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerases (PARPs) promote ADP-ribosylation, a
highly conserved, fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM). PARP catalytic …

Aberrant adenosine diphosphate-ribose (ADP)-ribosylation of proteins and nucleic acids is
associated with multiple disease processes such as infections and chronic inflammatory …

Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICBT) limit its response
duration and magnitude. Paradoxically, Interferon γ (IFNγ), a key cytokine for cellular …

SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 3 (Nsp3) contains a macrodomain that is essential for
coronavirus pathogenesis and is thus an attractive target for drug development. This …

Signaling cascades provide integrative and interactive frameworks that allow the cell to
respond to signals from its environment and/or from within the cell itself. The dynamic …

The innate immune system, the primary defense mechanism of higher organisms against
pathogens including viruses, senses pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In …

Mono (ADP-ribose) transferases and mono (ADP-ribosyl) ating sirtuins use NAD+ to perform
the mono (ADP-ribosyl) ation, a simple form of post-translational modification of proteins …

Enzymes in the PARP family partake in the regulation of vital cellular signaling pathways by
ADP-ribosylating their targets. The roles of these signaling pathways in disease …

PARP14 and PARP9 play a key role in macrophage immune regulation. SARS‐CoV‐2 is an
emerging viral disease that triggers hyper‐inflammation known as a cytokine storm. In this …

Protein ADP-ribosylation plays important but ill-defined roles in antiviral signalling cascades
such as the interferon response. Several viruses of clinical interest, including coronaviruses …