Background Smoking impairs lung immune function and damages upper airways,
increasing risks of contracting and severity of infectious diseases. This paper quantifies the …

The Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDR) phenomenon refers to the weaker
effects of parental educational attainment for marginalized groups, particularly ethnic …

Background: Although educational attainment is protective against health risk behaviors
such as smoking, Minorities' Diminished Returns theory posits that these protective effects …

Background To estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms in individuals with type 2
diabetes, as compared to the general population. Methods Between 2007 and 2010 the …

Background Data on electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among health professional
students, who can play a central role in promoting healthy habits and smoking cessation, are …

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smoking and alcohol
use in association with dental caries experience and signs of periodontal disease in a …

Introduction Inequalities in smoking by socio-economic status (SES) are well-known. A
growing body of literature has demonstrated additional inequalities in smoking by sexual …

Цель. Изучить социально-экономические градиенты образовательный и
профессиональный статусы, уровень благосостояния, поведенческие факторы риска …

Background It is well known that asthma prevalence has been increasing all over the world
in the last decades. However, few data are available on temporal trends of incidence and …

Background: The prevalence among adult men in Indonesia is among the highest in the
world. Objective: Our study examines the hotspots and regional variation in smoking …