During the seven decades of gray wolf (Canis lupus) absence in Yellowstone National Park
intensive browsing by Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus elaphus) suppressed the growth of …

Large carnivores are depicted to shape entire ecosystems through top-down processes.
Studies describing these processes are often used to support interventionist wildlife …

Historically the wolf (Canis lupus) was hated and extirpated from most of the contiguous
United States. The federal Endangered Species Act fostered wolf protection and …

Modification of food webs is a frequent cause of shifts in ecosystem states that resist reversal
when the food web is restored to its original condition. We used the restoration of the large …

Efforts to restore ecosystems often focus on reintroducing apex predators to re-establish
coevolved relationships among predators, herbivores and plants. The preponderance of …

In 2020, it will have been twenty-five years since one of the greatest wildlife conservation
and restoration achievements of the twentieth century took place: the reintroduction of …

Understanding how the environmental context modifies the strength of trophic interactions
within food webs forms a central challenge in community ecology. Here, we demonstrate the …

Wolves are widely regarded as top-down regulators of prey and trophic cascades in North
America. Consequent expectations of biodiversity benefits from canid-driven trophic …

Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated
trophic cascade: reply Page 1 June 2013 COMMENTS 1425 quality of elk {Cervus etaphus) …

We report long-term patterns of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) recruitment for
five ungulate exclosures in the northern ungulate winter range of Yellowstone National Park …