Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, especially in
developed countries, and atherosclerosis (AS) is the common pathological basis of many …

Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly
interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life …

Choline, an essential dietary nutrient for humans, is required for the synthesis of the
neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, the methyl group donor, betaine, and phospholipids; and …

Choline has been recognized as an essential nutrient by the Food and Nutrition Board of the
National Academies of Medicine since 1998. Its metabolites have structural, metabolic, and …

Pregnancy is a time where expectant mothers often focus on their diet to improve their own
health and to preserve the future health of their children. There is much conflicting …

Trimethylamine (TMA) and its N-oxide (TMAO) are ubiquitous in prokaryote and eukaryote
organisms as well as in the environment, reflecting their fundamental importance in …

Background: Choline, an essential nutrient, is required for cell membranes, lipoprotein
secretion, and methyl-group metabolism. Recently, it has been proposed that excess dietary …

We critically review potential involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a link
between diet, the gut microbiota and CVD. Generated primarily from dietary choline and …

Osmolytes are naturally occurring small molecular weight organic molecules, which are
accumulated in large amounts in all life forms to maintain the stability of cellular proteins and …

Personalized nutrition (PN) has gained much attention as a tool for empowerment of
consumers to promote changes in dietary behavior, optimizing health status and preventing …