Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tracts (CAKUT) are disorders caused by
defects in the development of the kidneys and their outflow tracts. The formation of the …

Background Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) has been known to be a risk factor for
congenital heart defects (CHDs) for decades. However, the associations between maternal …

Background The long-term risk associated with childhood kidney disease that had not
progressed to chronic kidney disease in childhood is unclear. We aimed to estimate the risk …

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) comprise a large spectrum
of congenital malformations ranging from severe manifestations, such as renal agenesis, to …

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in hypertension and kidney
disease. The developing kidney can be programmed by various early-life insults by so …

Importance The prevalence and importance of congenital anomalies of the kidney and
urinary tract (CAKUT) in preterm infants is unknown. Objective To determine the prevalence …

The gut–kidney interaction implicating chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been the focus of
increasing interest in recent years. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies could prevent CKD …

Development of the kidney can be altered in response to adverse environments leading to
renal programming and increased vulnerability to the development of hypertension and …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a global burden, despite recent advances in
management. CKD can begin in early life by so-called “developmental programming” or …

The “developmental origins of health and disease” theory indicates that many adult-onset
diseases can originate in the earliest stages of life. The developing kidney has emerged as …