Notothenioid fishes, a perciform group, radiated in the cold shelf waters around the Antarctic
continent and the 110 species dominate fish diversity, abundance, and biomass at levels …

Vertebrate brains show extensive variation in relative size. The expensive brain hypothesis
argues that one important source of this variation is linked to a species' ability to generate …

Brain-body static allometry, which is the relationship between brain size and body size
within species, is thought to reflect developmental and genetic constraints. Existing evidence …

The brain is one of the most energetically expensive organs in the vertebrate body.
Consequently, the high cost of brain development and maintenance is predicted to constrain …

Because sister species share a phenotypic axis, they hold morphological and ecological
traits in common and, when sympatric, are ideal subjects for examining the extent of …

Evolutionary transitions in water column usage have played a major role in shaping ray-
finned fish diversity. However, the extent to which vision-associated trait complexity and …

Lampreys and hagfishes are the sole surviving representatives of the early agnathan
(jawless) stage in vertebrate evolution, which has previously been regarded as the least …

Brain size varies dramatically, both within and across species, and this variation is often
believed to be the result of trade‐offs between the cognitive benefits of having a large brain …

Cells and organisms are continuously confronted with an erratically changing muddle of
signals. To survive in such environments it is necessary to identify essential signals to …

The fossil record of ray-finned fishes dates back to more than 400 million years and the
clade is remarkably diverse in extant settings. However, there is still little understanding of …