Soil salinity is among the leading environmental stresses affecting global agriculture,
causing billions of dollars in crop damages every year. Regardless of the cause, ion toxicity …

In the two decades since the introduction of the “click chemistry” concept, the toolbox of “click
reactions” has continually expanded, enabling chemists, materials scientists, and biologists …

The success of fluorescence experiments requires attention to experimental details and an
understanding of the instrumentation. There are also many potential artifacts that can distort …

Motivation: When running experiments that involve multiple high density oligonucleotide
arrays, it is important to remove sources of variation between arrays of non-biological origin …

Data analysis plays an indispensable role for understanding various phenomena. Cluster
analysis, primitive exploration with little or no prior knowledge, consists of research …

High density oligonucleotide array technology is widely used in many areas of biomedical
research for quantitative and highly parallel measurements of gene expression. Affymetrix …

This is a time of unprecedented transition in DNA sequencing technologies. Next-generation
sequencing (NGS) clearly holds promise for fast and cost-effective generation of multilocus …

Constraint programming is a powerful paradigm for solving combinatorial search problems
that draws on a wide range of techniques from artificial intelligence, computer science …

This unit provides an overview of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are a technology in which
thousands of nucleic acids are bound to a surface and are used to measure the relative …

In order to understand the functioning of organisms on the molecular level, we need to know
which genes are expressed, when and where in the organism, and to which extent. The …