Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), frontline soldiers of the adaptive immune system, are
recruited into the tumor site to fight against tumors. However, their small number and …

Abstract Phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
signaling pathway is one of the most important proliferative signaling pathways with critical …

Neuroinflammation, characterised by the activation of immune cells in the central nervous
system (CNS), plays a dual role in both protecting against and contributing to the …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the world.
Immunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies, immune-checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell …

New evidence suggests that the clinical success of chemotherapy is not merely due to tumor
cell toxicity but also arises from the restoration of immunosurveillance, which has been …

Periodontitis and oral cancers are the most common oral diseases in the human population.
The early diagnosis of oral diseases allows the efficient therapy of the patient. During oral …

Constitutive activation of Janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and activator of
transcription (JAK/STAT) and Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of …

As the human thymus ages, it undergoes a transformation into adipose tissue known as TAT.
Interestingly, in previous research, we observed elevated levels of vascular endothelial …

Immune cell therapy as a revolutionary treatment modality, significantly transformed cancer
care. It is a specialized form of immunotherapy that utilizes living immune cells as …

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding single-stranded RNAs that modulate the
expression of various target genes after transcription. The expression and distribution of …