To accommodate daily recurring environmental changes, animals show cyclic variations in
behaviour and physiology, which include prominent behavioural states such as sleep–wake …

Abstract Exposure to Artificial Light At Night (ALAN) results in a disruption of the circadian
system, which is deleterious to health. In industrialized countries, 75% of the total workforce …

The circadian system regulates physiology and behavior. Acute challenges to the system,
such as those experienced when traveling across time zones, will eventually result in re …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive erosion of
articular cartilage. As chondrocytes are the only cell type forming the articular cartilage, their …

Circadian rhythms are 24-h rhythms in physiology and behaviour generated by molecular
clocks, which serve to coordinate internal time with the external world. The circadian system …

The accumulation of adenosine is strongly correlated with the need for sleep and the
detection of sleep pressure is antagonised by caffeine. Caffeine also affects the circadian …

Purpose Despite extensive research, mechanisms regulating postnatal eye growth and
those responsible for ametropias are poorly understood. With the marked recent increases …

Light exerts a wide range of effects on mammalian physiology and behavior. As well as
synchronizing circadian rhythms to the external environment, light has been shown to …

Light is known to elicit non–image-forming responses, such as effects on alertness. This has
been reported especially during light exposure at night. Nighttime results might not be …

Emerging evidence suggests that sleep deprivation (SD) and circadian rhythm disruption
(CRD) may interact and increase the risk for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) …