Genomes have complex three-dimensional architectures. The recent convergence of
genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and cell biological methods has uncovered several …

Development of biosensing platforms plays a key role in research settings for identification
of biomarkers and in clinical applications for diagnostics. Biosensors based on nucleic acids …

The genetic circuits that regulate cellular functions are subject to stochastic fluctuations, or
'noise', in the levels of their components. Noise, far from just a nuisance, has begun to be …

In individual cells, transcription is a random process obeying single-molecule kinetics. Often,
it occurs in a bursty, intermittent manner. The frequency and size of these bursts affect the …

In the three decades since pluripotent mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells were first described,
they have been derived and maintained by using various empirical combinations of feeder …

Microbes transiently differentiate into distinct, specialized cell types to generate functional
diversity and cope with changing environmental conditions. Though alternate programs …

The field of single-cell biology has morphed from a philosophical digression at its inception,
to a playground for quantitative biologists, to a major area of biomedical research. The last …

Introns are removed from pre-mRNAs during transcription while the pre-mRNA is still
tethered to the gene locus via RNA polymerase. However, during alternative splicing, it is …

Transcription induces a wave of DNA supercoiling, altering the binding affinity of RNA
polymerases and reshaping the biochemical landscape of gene regulation. As supercoiling …

The biochemical processes leading to the synthesis of new proteins are random, as they
typically involve a small number of diffusing molecules. They lead to fluctuations in the …