Organoids—cellular aggregates derived from stem or progenitor cells that recapitulate organ
function in miniature—are of growing interest in developmental biology and medicine …

Brain development is an extraordinarily complex process achieved through the spatially and
temporally regulated release of key patterning factors. In vitro neurodevelopmental models …

Self-organizing neural organoids represent a promising in vitro platform with which to model
human development and disease,,,–. However, organoids lack the connectivity that exists in …

Neurons in the cerebral cortex connect through descending pathways to hindbrain and
spinal cord to activate muscle and generate movement. Although components of this …

Realizing the full utility of brain organoids to study human development requires
understanding whether organoids precisely replicate endogenous cellular and molecular …

Human stem-cell-derived models provide the promise of accelerating our understanding of
brain disorders, but not knowing whether they possess the ability to mature beyond mid-to …

Cortico-striatal projections are critical components of forebrain circuitry that regulate
motivated behaviors. To enable the study of the human cortico-striatal pathway and how its …

Summary Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the greatest known genetic risk factor for
developing sporadic Alzheimer's disease. How the interaction of APOE4 microglia with …

The construction of the human nervous system is a distinctly complex although highly
regulated process. Human tissue inaccessibility has impeded a molecular understanding of …

The assembly of cortical circuits involves the generation and migration of interneurons from
the ventral to the dorsal forebrain,–, which has been challenging to study at inaccessible …