Online banking has become increasingly popular in recent years, making it a target for
cyberattacks. Banks have implemented various user authentication methods to protect their …

The rapid progress of information technology has made the status of information service
platforms increasingly prominent in social operations. However, their communication …

Scalar multiplication in elliptic curve cryptography is the most expensive and time-
consuming operation. The elliptic curve cryptography attracted interest due to the …

Cryptography is crucial for secure cloud computing because it addresses data security
issues in shared environments, as well as the challenges that arise when companies …

As cyberattacks are getting more complex and sophisticated, stringent, multi-layered security
measures are required. Existing approaches often rely on tokenization or encryption …

In the modern world of information and technology, the prime requirement is highly secure
data communication against the cyber threat. Efficient data communication should support …

A smart card is a small pocket-sized computer with limited resources used for secure data
processing and storage. The card consists of different software and hardware components …

In recent days, there have been a few techniques available on the market that can resolve
the concern for data protection and privacy. One of them is said to be cloud computing. In …