Assessment of the immune response to tumors is growing in importance as the prognostic
implications of this response are increasingly recognized, and as immunotherapies are …

Interactions between immune and malignant cells have been known to have clinical
relevance for decades. The potential for immune control is now being therapeutically …

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), frontline soldiers of the adaptive immune system, are
recruited into the tumor site to fight against tumors. However, their small number and …

Bladder cancer—the tenth most frequent cancer worldwide—has a heterogeneous natural
history and clinical behaviour. The predominant histological subtype, urothelial bladder …

Treatment with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is
the default treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC). However, with the …

Cancer immunotherapy has evolved major breakthroughs in the last years. The cell surface
receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) …

Bladder cancer (BC) can be divided into two subgroups depending on invasion of the
muscular layer: non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive bladder …

Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) and lymphocytes (TILs) are found to play essential roles
in many tumors and associate with the prognosis of patients. But, the prognostic values of …

Simple Summary In contrast with other strategies, immunotherapy is a treatment aimed at
empowering the patient's immune system in order to increase immunity and the response …

Simple Summary There is substantial heterogeneity in the prognosis and responsiveness to
registered therapies in bladder cancer. Biomarkers that can accurately predict prognosis …